Pour oil into a skillet and heat over medium heat (to about 325˚F).
Using the large holes of a box grater, grate potatoes and onion. (Alternatively use a food processor with a grating attachment)
Transfer shredded potato and onion to the center of a few layers of cheesecloth, or a clean towel and squeeze out as much water as possible.
Transfer mixture to a mixing bowl and add eggs, matzo meal (or breadcrumbs), baking powder, salt, and pepper.
Carefully, but thoroughly mix together until fully combined.
Drop 2 tablespoon sized dollops of potato mixture into the hot oil (mixture should sizzle) about 1 1/2 inches apart. Use a rubber spatula to help form and flatten the dollops into discs.
Pan fry latkes until the edges begin to brown and crisp, 4 to 5 minutes.
Flip and continue to pan fry for an additional 3 to 4 minutes.
Transfer latkes to a plate lined with paper towels and lightly season with salt.
Fry remaining batter (same as #6-10).
Transfer latkes to a serving plate and serve with a side of applesauce and sour cream.